Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

Diabetes and its serious health complications have the main position in medicinal sciences, as a primary humanity challenge. A significant number of people throughout the world suffer from diabetes so that this number is expected to rise two-fold in recent 20 years. Diabetes is directly related to glucose levels of blood. Therefore, researchers have searched for fast, accurate, and stable approaches to analyze glucose levels, both in vivo and in vitro, not only in blood but also in other origins like nourishments and medications. Thus, each influential factor, such as the levels of insulin and glucose in human blood should be investigated. Although enzyme-based sensors have presented some advantages such as high selectivity and a low detection limit, some drawbacks including poor reproducibility, low thermal and chemical stability, and high cost have been reported for these sensors. Hence, enzyme-free electrochemical sensors have been developed as a result of electrode modification. Accordingly, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors have been developed to directly measure the level of glucose in blood and other sources with stable and reliable responses.