Dialectics of Force

The third edition of Dialectics of Force: Ontobia presents Alex Battler's reconceptualization of Force as a fundamental category of being. Drawing on a wide range of sources-from Pre-Socratic philosophy and Aristotle through Hegel, Schelling, and twentieth-century physicists and cosmologists-the author traces how the concept of Force has been understood throughout the history of Western thought and proposes a unified theoretical framework grounded in the concept of Ontological Force, or Ontóbia.

The author argues that Ontóbia constitutes the fourth fundamental attribute of matter, alongside motion, space, and time, and demonstrates its application across several domains: Big Bang cosmology, the boundary between organic and inorganic phenomena, the mind-body problem, and the methodological foundations of historical progress and the social sciences.

The book is addressed to scholars and graduate students in philosophy, the natural sciences, and the social sciences, as well as to readers interested in the foundational questions of matter, life, mind, and progress.