Atomic Physics

CHAPTER I KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 1. Atomic Theory in Chemistry 2. Fundamental Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases 3. Calculation of the Pressure of a Gas 4. Temperature of a Gas 5. Specific Heat 6. Law of Distribution of Energy and Velocity 7. Free Path 8. Determination of Avogadro's Number CHAPTER II ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 1. Conduction of Electricity in Rarefied Gases 2. Canal Rays and Anode Rays (Positive Rays) 3. X-rays 4. Radiations from Radioactive Substances 5. "Prout's Hypothesis, Isotopy, the Proton" 6. The Neutron 7. Cosmic Rays. Positrons 8. Mesons and Nuclear Forces CHAPTER III THE NUCLEAR ATOM 1. Lorentz's Electron Theory 2. The Theorem of the Inertia of Energy 3. Investigation of Atomic Structure by Scattering Experiments 4. Mass Defect and Nuclear Binding Energy. The Neutrino 5. Heavy Hydrogen and Heavy Water 6. Nuclear Reactions and Radioactive Decay CHAPTER IV WAVE-CORPUSCLES 1. Wave Theory of Light. Interference and Diffraction 2. Light Quanta 3. Quantum Theory of the Atom 4. Compton Effect 5. Wave Nature of Matter. De Broglie's Theory 6. Experimental Demonstration of Matter Waves 7. "The Contradiction between the Wave Theory and the Corpuscular Theory, and its Removal" CHAPTER V ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND SPECTRAL LINES 1. The Bohr Atom; Stationary Orbits for Simply Periodic Motions 2. Quantum Conditions for Simply and Multiply Periodic Motions 3. Matrix Mechanics 4. Wave Mechanics 5. Angular Momentum in Wave Mechanics 6. Parity 7. The Statistical Interpretation of Wave Mechanics 8. Emission and Absorption of Radiation CHAPTER VI SPIN OF THE ELECTRON AND PAULI'S PRINCIPLE 1. Alkali Doublets and the Spinning Electron 2. The Anomalous Zeeman Effect 3. The Hydrogen Atom and X-ray Terms 4. The Helium Atom 5. Pauli's Exclusion Principle 6. The Periodic System. Closed Shells 7. Magnetism 8. Wave Theory of the Spin Electron 9. Density of the Electronic Cloud CHAPTER VII QUANTUM STATISTICS 1. Heat Radiation and Planck's Law 2. Specific Heat of Solids and of Polyatomic Gases 3. Quantisation of Balck Body Radiation 4. Bose-Einstein Statistics of Light Quanta 5. Einstein's Theory of Gas Degeneration 6. Fermi-Dirac Statistics 7. Electron Theory of Metals. Energy Distribution 8. Thermionic and Photoelectric Effect in Metals 9. Magnetism of the Electron Gas 10. Electrical and Thermal Conductivity. Thermoelectricity CHAPTER VIII MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1. Molecular Properties as an Expression of the Distribution of Charge in the Electronic Cloud 2. Experimental Determination of the Molecular Constants 3. Band Spectra and the Raman Effect 4. Chemical Binding. Classification of Types of Binding 5. Theory of Heteropolar Ionic Binding 6. Theory of Co-valency Binding 7. Theory of van der Waals Forces and other Types of Binding CHAPTER IX QUANTUM THEORY OF SOLIDS 1. Introduction 2. Modes of Lattice Vibration 3. Quantisation of the Lattice Vibrations 4. Inelastic Scattering of Neutrons 5. The Mössbauer Effect 6. Electrons in a Periodic Lattice Band 7. Metals and Insulators 8. Metals 9. Superconductivity 10. Ferromagnetism 11. Insulators and Semiconductors CHAPTER X NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1. The Size of the Nucleus and a-Decay 2. Angular Momentum and Magnetic Moment 3. The Deuteron and Nuclear Forces 4. Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Saturation 5. The Nuclear Shell Model 6. The Nuclear Collective Model 7. ß-Decay and K-Capture 8. Nuclear Electromagnetic Interactions 9. "The Drop Model, Nuclear Reactions and Fission " Conclusion by M. Born APPENDICES I. Evaluation of Some Integrals Connected with the Kinetic Theory of Gases II. "Heat Conduction, Viscosity, and Diffusion" III. Van der Waals' Equation of State IV. The Mean Square Deviation V. Theory of Relativity VI. Electron Theory VII. The Theorem of the Inertia of Energy VIII. Calculation of the Coefficient of Scattering for Radiation by a Free Particle IX. Rutherford's Scattering Formula for a-rays X. The Compton Effect XI. Phase Velocity and Group Velocity XII. Elementary Derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation XIII. Hamiltonian Theory and Action Variables XIV. Quantisation of the Elliptic Orbits in Bohr's Theory XV. The Oscillator according to Matrix Mechanics XVI. The Oscillator according to Wave Mechanics XVII. The Vibrations of a Circular Membrane XVIII. Solution of Schrödinger's Equation for the Kepler (Central Force) Problem XIX. The Orbital Angular Momentum XX. Deduction of Rutherford's Scattering Formula by Wave Mechanics XXI. Deduction of the Selection Rules for Electric Dipole Radiation XXII. Anomalous Zeeman Effect of the D Lines of Sodium XXIII. Enumeration of the Terms in the Case of Two p-Electrons XXIV. Atomic Form Factor XXV. The Formalism of Quantum Mechanics XXVI. General Proof of the Uncertainty Relation XXVII. Transition Probabilities XXVIII. Quantum Theory of Emission of Radiation XXIX. The Electrostatic Energy of Nuclei XXX. Theory of a-Disintegration XXXI. The Ground State of the Deuteron XXXII. Meson Theory XXXIII. The Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Wien's Displacement Law XXXIV. Absorption by an Oscillator XXXV. Temperature and Entropy in Quantum Statistics XXXVI. Thermionic Emission of Electrons XXXVII. Temperature Variation of Paramagnetism XXXVIII. Theory of Co-valency Binding XXXIX. Time-independnet Perturbation Theory for Non-degenerate States XL. Theory of the van der Waals Forces XLI. The Modes of Vibration of a Linear Monatomic Chain Bibliography Index